Bolivian Titi (Callicebus modestus)

MORPHOLOGY:
The dental formula is 2:1:3:3 on both the upper and lower jaws (Ankel-Simons, 2000). The tail of the Bolivian titi is not prehensile. The dorsal side and outer parts are brownish or reddish agouti in coloration except the whitish ear tufts (Hershkovitz, 1990). The forehead and outer surface of the limbs of this species is reddish-brown agouti (Hershkovitz, 1990). The hands and toes are blackish or mixed blackish and reddish (Hershkovitz, 1990). The tail is blackish agouti and is darker than the dorsum (Hershkovitz, 1990).

RANGE:
The Bolivian titi is found in the country of Bolivia (Hershkovitz, 1990). This is only known to occur in the upper Rio Beni basin in the upper Rio Madeira watershed, Beni, Bolivia (Hershkovitz, 1990). This species lives in lowland and riverine rainforests (Rowe, 1996).

ECOLOGY:
The Bolivian titi is a diurnal and an arboreal species.

LOCOMOTION:
The Bolivian titi moves through the understory of the forest quadrupedally as well as by leaping (Fleagle, 1988).

SOCIAL BEHAVIOR:

VOCAL COMMUNICATION:

OLFACTORY COMMUNICATION:

VISUAL COMMUNICATION:

TACTILE COMMUNICATION:
tail-entwining: This is used to reinforce bonds amongst pairs. This is where two individuals are sitting and have their tails wrapped around each other's.

REPRODUCTION:
The Bolivian titi gives birth to a single offspring.

REFERENCES:
Ankel-Simons, F. 2000. Primate Anatomy: An Introduction. Academic Press: San Diego.

Fleagle, J. G. 1988. Primate Adaptation and Evolution. Academic Press.

Hershkovitz, P. 1990. Titis, New World monkeys of the genus Callicebus (Cebidae, Platyrrhini): A preliminary taxonomic review. Fieldiana Zoology. No. 55.

Rowe, N. 1996. The Pictorial Guide to the Living Primates. Pogonias Press: East Hampton, New York.

Last Updated: October 5, 2003.
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