Tactile Communication

muzzle rubbing: This is where the common marmoset rubs the muzzle (nasal area) on an object, and it is often seen after feeding (Stevenson and Poole, 1976).

face nuzzle: This behavioral pattern consists of the muzzle of one individual being rubbed against the face of another, and this particular pattern tends to occur when the stimulus has food in its mouth (Stevenson and Poole, 1976). This behavior may be followed by licking and inhibited biting (Stevenson and Poole, 1976).

licking: This behavior occurs between adults and juveniles and serves as a greeting (Stevenson and Poole, 1976). The older group members perform this behavior on the young especially in the anal region where it serves as a grooming function (Stevenson and Poole, 1976).

body rub: When one common marmoset rubs its body against another (Stevenson and Poole, 1976).

hand: This is where the hand is outstretched and the individual pushes or touches another with one hand (Stevenson and Poole, 1976). This behavior has been observed in social play (Stevenson and Poole, 1976).

clap: This is a variation on hand where the receiver is touched with two hands (Stevenson and Poole, 1976). This behavior has been observed in social play (Stevenson and Poole, 1976).

hug: This occurs when the arms of one individual embraces the body of another, and this occurs during intragroup friendly encounters (Stevenson and Poole, 1976).

cuffing: This when an individual quickly scratches another individual, but only superficially (Stevenson and Poole, 1976). The behavior occurs when an adult is chastising a juvenile, and the juvenile most often responses with bared teeth gecker and snap bite (Stevenson and Poole, 1976).

p-(play) bite: This behavior is an inhibited bite oriented towards a specific part of the body of the receiver, and this behavioral pattern most often occurs during social play (Stevenson and Poole, 1976).

snap bite: This is a sharp bite to the neck region of the receiver, and is used along with cuffing when older common marmosets are chastising juveniles (Stevenson and Poole, 1976).

uninhibited bite: During this behavior the jaws are clenched on the receiver and duration longer as compared to snap bite (Stevenson and Poole, 1976). The receiver is often injured and may bleed (Stevenson and Poole, 1976).

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